The number of accepted species has varied between 50 and 114, for instance The Plant List (2013) includes 113. orphanidea as a single variable species with a range of forms, while those using a narrow approach divide the species into T. Treatments of the genus vary considerably in how they deal with speciation, with some, such as the Flora Europaea (1980), taking a very broad approach, and others a much more narrow approach. These taxonomic difficulties are those associated with long established cultivation, hybridisation, selection and naturalisation. Many of these species were never identified in the wild. Furthermore, descriptions of species were often derived from studying cultivated bulbs, and the variability of the wild population was poorly understood. For instance tulips often grow in remote inaccessible hills and valleys where winters are harsh and summers long and dry, and may flower for only a short period, meaning that species are often missed. Historically there has been considerable disagreement about the number of species within the genus. That study did not find support for any of the previous sections proposed, and since hybridisation is relatively common, it is probably better to refrain from subdividing the subgenera any further. In 2009, two other subgenera were proposed, Clusianae and Orithyia, and this total of four subgenera was corroborated by a 2013 study by Maarten Christenhusz and colleagues. Subgenus Eriostemones was divided into the sections: In 1997, the two sections were raised to subgenera and subgenus Tulipa was divided into five sections: The genus Tulipa was traditionally divided into two sections, Eriostemones and Tulipa (as Leiostemones), and comprises about 76 species. Together with population variability, hybridisation and naturalisation, the classification and taxonomy of tulips has been complex and controversial. Historically, subdivision of the genus and speciation (separation of species) has been based on vegetative and floral characters, but further research has shown these to be quite plastic, even within a species. *=Liliaceae sensu Tamura EA= Eurasia NA= North America Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.
The evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships between the genera currently included in Liliaceae are shown in this Cladogram.Ĭladogram: Phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of the Liliaceae These species are more closely allied to Erythronium, although some authors believe that all three genera of the Tulipeae could be treated as a single genus.
Some species with a more eastern distribution (China, Korea, Japan) formerly classified as Tulipa are now considered as the separate genus Amana, including Amana edulis ( Tulipa edulis). Tribe Lilieae includes seven other genera in addition to Tulipa. Within Liliaceae, Tulipa is placed within Lilioideae, one of three subfamilies, with two tribes. Tulipa is a genus of the Liliaceae (lily) family, once one of the largest family of monocots, but which molecular phylogenetics has shown to be a much smaller discrete family with only 15 genera. The taxonomy of Tulipa has always been complex and difficult for many reasons. While tulips were known from at least the 12th century in Persia, and appear in decorative art in Turkey in the 13th century, the first description in European botanical literature, was by Conrad Gesner in his De Hortus Germanica (1561), which he referred to as Tulipa turcarum, and states he saw in a garden in Augsburg in 1559.
0 kommentar(er)
